How do steroids work?

Both men and women typically have testosterone circulating in their bodies, although levels are much higher in men. Testosterone promotes the development of male secondary sex characteristics, such as a deeper voice and the growth of body and facial hair. It also has effects on muscles and bones.

Performance-enhancing steroids generally work by mimicking natural testosterone. Reported effects of steroid use include increased muscle mass, strength, and lean body mass, factors believed to improve athletic performance.

Risks of Using Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sports

Playing sports is an excellent way for young people to stay physically active, make friends, and have fun. Steroids in competitive bodybuilding ethics can also help develop essential skills such as discipline and perseverance. However, for some young athletes, the pressure to make a team or gain a competitive advantage can lead them to use prohibited substances, such as anabolic-androgenic steroids. Although these performance-enhancing drugs are most commonly used by male athletes in football, baseball, and lacrosse, they are also occasionally used by men in other sports and by female athletes.

The use of steroids to enhance athletic performance is considered cheating and can lead to penalties, including banning from the sport. More importantly, the use of performance-enhancing steroids can have serious long-term health consequences.

What are performance-enhancing steroids?

"Anabolic-androgenic steroids" is the medical term for substances that some athletes use illegally to try to gain an unfair advantage over their opponents. Examples:

Testosterone
Methyltestosterone
Androstenedione
Danazol

The use of performance-enhancing steroids, such as testosterone, is sometimes referred to as "doping" or "steroid stripping."

What are the harmful effects of steroids?

Performance-enhancing steroids are drugs that have physical and mental side effects. Athletes who use them can become seriously ill or injured.

Physical Side Effects

Common physical side effects of steroid use include:

  • Acne or pimples
  • Scars or stretch marks
  • Premature hair loss in men
  • Deepening of the voice in women
  • Excessive growth of body and facial hair in women

Additionally, athletes who use a needle to inject steroids may experience pain at the injection site and are at risk of developing an infection.

Steroid use can also affect sexual development and performance by causing:

  • Irregular menstruation
  • Breast enlargement in men and women
  • Shrinking of the testicles
  • Erectile dysfunction and infertility

Mental Side Effects

Steroid users may become excessively aggressive or combative, a condition commonly referred to as "steroid rage." Uncontrolled aggression leads some steroid users to confront their loved ones. Sometimes they end up in trouble with the law.

Depression has also been linked to steroid use, and athletes who use steroids are more likely to attempt suicide than those who don't.

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